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Shooting 4K Video in the Classroom: What's the Big Hurry?

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For higher education, 以高于720p的价格交付的压力不是来自学生, 他们更有可能将课程视频传输到个人移动设备上,而不是公共超高清电视机上. If we are to leap to a significantly higher recording resolution, 我们的理由不能依赖于防止与娱乐视频相同级别的连续性错误, 因此,让我们来探讨一些理由,以4K拍摄,同时提供更低的, mobile-friendly resolutions.

假设我们正在拍摄一个主题不可预测的演示:如果有一个镜头,我们不能准确地知道相机的瞄准位置, then having four times the freedom of framing is useful. 我们最近录制了一位体操运动员在单杠上表演,以演示机械工程课程的概念. Out of respect for the student-athlete’s time, 我们想把镜头设置得足够宽,以适应任何合理的意外情况,让她尽快回到自己的工作中. 在后期,我们会打卡到框架,我们会选择,如果我们有多个拍摄. A 4K frame would have offered a luxurious comfort zone.

Similarly, while shooting laboratory footage, 如果偶然发生了一些事情,主持人会即兴解释,这并不奇怪. 在4K的情况下,摄像机操作员甚至不需要尝试放大他猜测的相关内容. Shooting in 4K, 一旦我们和专家讨论了要给学生展示什么,我们就可以在后期“加强”, so we don’t have to risk an otherwise solid shot.

或者不是拍摄对象的位置不可预测,而是相机的位置不可预测. We occasionally mount a camera to a drone, 为了稳定图像,画面的哪些部分将被牺牲并丢弃.

Even for talking-head shots, 我们可以以4K拍摄广角,并在后期打孔到所需的框架, 通过在同一4K镜头的两个变焦级别之间剪切来隐藏编辑,模拟多摄像机拍摄.

我觉得这些论点很有说服力,但我的团队成员还没有实现4K的飞跃. Now why is that?

First, the urgency simply isn’t there. 高清和4K的区别不像标清和高清那么明显. 我们没有改变框架的形状,我们只是记录了四个点而不是一个点. HD footage won’t look intolerably anachronistic; even when we switch to 4K, 我们偶尔会在设置焦点和从稍微模糊的镜头中工作时犯错误. My intuition is that, at 4K, we’re shooting deeper, not bigger. 教育媒体制作中的大多数场景都不需要如此深度的分辨率.

Second, 我不相信4K拍摄技术已经成熟到可以投资, and camera manufacturers appear similarly circumspect. Specifically, 有两种视频编解码器足够高效,可以以比特率存储4K分辨率的视频,适合我们现有的便携式媒体和文件服务器: HEVC and AV1. HEVC (or H.265) is the successor to the HD-standard codec H.它可以在不影响图像质量的情况下将文件大小减半. 然而,它受到复杂和不断发展的许可制度的阻碍. AV1是免版税VP9编解码器的继承者(在开放媒体联盟参与者的其他项目中), 并计划在本期出版时发布.

相机制造商显然没有使用这些视频编解码器录制视频. The only cameras I know of that shoot 4K video using the H.265 codec are sold by Samsung— or at least, they were. 2017年国际消费电子展(CES)来了又去,并没有发布HEVC在相机中的应用, 除了引人注目的克制(尽管令人印象深刻)功能的松下GH5的首次固件.

我正在等待相机制造商得到两个关键问题的答案:amedia的AV1编解码器是否足够好,可以取代HEVC? If not, 它是否足以将HEVC的许可成本降低到足以弥补质量差异的程度? My bet is that we can afford to wait another year to find out.

This article appears in the April/May 2017 issue of Streaming Media magazine as "4K: What’s the Hurry?" 

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