HEVC, VP9, AV1, and VVC: Presenting a Codec Update in 11 Charts
I’ve got a bad case of TLDR-itis, as in “too long, don’t want to write-itis”. 从读者的角度来看，你可能也有同样的感觉. 如果是这样，这篇文章就是为你准备的.
在编解码器的世界里有很多事情要分析. But for the most part in this article, I’m going to let the pictures do the talking.
新的HEVC编解码器领导者出现
我是莫斯科国立大学工具和报告的忠实粉丝. 不像许多编解码器分析师, MSU asks the codec vendors to suggest the settings used for the encodes, 确保公平的结果, 该小组总是用各种各样的视频进行测试. 在最近的比较中 MSU tested 13 codecs with 28 videos using multiple 质量 metrics, 包括Y-VMAF, Y-SSIM, U-SSIM, V-SSIM, YUV-PSNR, Y-PSNR, U-PSNR, 和V-PSNR.
MulticoreWare’s x265 codec gets a lot of attention as the HEVC codec available in FFmpeg and as recently as 2015 HEVC是质量领导者吗. 然而, 在今年的报告中, MSU发现四种HEVC编解码器的性能优于x265, 如图1所示(VMAF度量).
图1. 编解码器VMAF质量排名来自莫斯科国立大学.
Specifically, 图1 compares all HEVC codecs with the VMAF metric and setting the x264 H.264编解码器在100. HW265编解码器, 华为技术有限公司, 比x265的效率高20%, 哪一个是显著的优势, 编码速度是中游.
如果你正在考虑授权HEVC编解码器, 密歇根州立大学的报告是必须的, 特别是如果x265在你的候选名单上. Note that there are two report versions: a free version with a subset of tests and analysis, and the $950 version which includes all test results and over 5,000年的图表.
MSU also has an ambitious roadmap for additional studies in 2018, including subjective 质量 comparisons of the same videos due out in early October and a 4K report that will focus on ultra-high 质量 presets and will include AV1. 敬请期待.
Bitmovin
在IBC之前，Bitmovin发布了它的 第二份年度视频开发者报告, 其中包括来自67个国家的456份调查意见书, and asked questions about current and planned codec and format usage. 就当前编解码器的使用而言, HEVC取得了最大的进展, 如图2所示, 使用量增加了50%. Imagine what could have been with a fair and cohesive royalty policy. 相比之下，VP9仅上升了10%.
图2. Bitmovin调查受访者当前编解码器的使用情况.
展望未来, 然而, Bitmovin的受访者最看好AV1, 如图3所示. Here, planned usage more than doubled from 14 percent to 29 percent, with both HEVC and VP9 dropping. I wonder how many of these respondents know how long it actually takes to encode AV1 files.
图3. Answering the question, "Which video codecs are you planning to use in the next 12 months?"
Bitmovin的报告中还有很多有趣的数据, 包括部署的流格式(HLS), 破折号, 和Smooth仍然是前三名), 和DRM的使用. 报告是 免费下载 (需要注册).
网飞公司和YouTube推出AV1
好吧，算是吧. 网飞公司 做了一个剪辑可供下载，而 YouTube posted 14 videos with some layers available in AV1 format; others in VP9.
我们学到了什么?? 好吧, we care about three performance related data points when it comes to a new codec; encoding time, 质量, 解码要求. Neither company disclosed encoding time data, but we learned something about the latter two.
Regarding 质量, we learned that neither 网飞公司 or YouTube is pushing 质量 yet. Here’s MediaInfo on one of the 网飞公司 clips; At 6.7 Mbps为1080p@24 fps， 网飞公司 几乎没有强调编解码器.
图4. 网飞公司 AV1编码不强调AV1质量参数.
YouTube is a bit more aggressive with its encodes, as seen in 图5, but 5.1080p60的1mbps仍然没有突破质量极限. 举个例子, I just finished a consulting project analyzing VP9 and H264 质量 at 1080p60 and our test data rates ranged from 3 to 6 Mbps. 郑重声明, YouTube确实说过, “在撰写本文时, these transcodes are encoded at a very high bitrate for decoder performance testing.”
图5. YouTube is a bit more aggressive but still isn’t pushing the envelope.
AV1解码
解码要求呢?? 为了播放YouTube视频，你需要下载 Chrome金丝雀; there’s a version of Firefox that’s supposed to work, but I couldn’t find it. 你还得去 YouTube约 并选择您对AV1播放的偏好. If you choose like I did in 图6, you’ll get up to 1080p video in AV1 format.
图6. 选择您的AV1偏好.
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